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Pompei Goes to Cornelia on Lesbos
Iam super Herculeas fauces nemorosaque Tempe,
Now seeking lonely tracks in the Haemonian woods,
Haemoniae deserta petens dispendia silvae,
Through Hercules’ ravine and Tempe’s forests, Magnus
Cornipedem exhaustum cursu stimulisque negantem
Urged along a horse exhausted and indifferent
Magnus agens, incerta fugae vestigia turbat,
To the whip, disguising traces of uncertain
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Implicitasque errore vias. Pavet ille fragorem
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Flight through tangled ways. He startled at the noise
Motorum ventis nemorum; comitumque suorum,
Of woods moved by the wind or of companions riding
Qui post terga ferit, trepidum laterique timentem
Close behind; a fear of unprotected flanks
Exanimat. Quamvis summo de culmine lapsus,
Consumed him. Fallen though he was from fortune’s peak,
Nondum vile sui pretium scit sanguinis esse,
He knew his blood was worth no little price, and mindful
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Seque memor fati tantae mercedis habere
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Of great eminence believed his throat worth just
Credit adhuc iugulum, quantum pro Caesaris ipse
What he himself would give for Caesar’s severed head.
Avulsa cervice daret. Deserta sequentem
The famous features of the man did not allow
Non patitur tutis fatum celare latebris
Him to conceal his fate in close retreats. Those many
Clara viri facies. Multi, Pharsalica castra
Seeking the Pharsalian camps still unaware
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Cum peterent, nondum fama prodente ruinas,
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Of the disaster were astonished to encounter
Occursu stupuere ducis, vertigine rerum
Him, amazed at the reversal of events,
Adtoniti: cladisque suae vix ipse fidelis
And hardly thought him true reporter of his ruin.
Auctor erat. Gravis est Magno, quicumque malorum
Any witnessing these ills, that presence weighed
Testis adest. Cunctis ignotus gentibus esse
On Magnus. Rather he preferred to pass unknown
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Mallet, et obscuro tutus transire per orbem
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Among all people and, obscure of name, go quiet
Nomine; sed longi poenas Fortuna favoris
In the world. But fortune took a penance from this
Exigit a misero, quae tanto pondere famae
Wretch for these her many favors, pressed the weight
Res premit adversas, fatisque prioribus urget.
Of his renown upon him, urged his prior fortune.
Nunc festinatos nimium sibi sentit honores,
Now too forward seem his honors, and he hates
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Actaque lauriferae damnat Sullana iuventae.
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The actions of a laureled youth in Sulla’s day.
Nunc et Corycias classes, et Pontica signa
It pains him now recalling the Corycian ships,
Deiectum meminisse piget. Sic longius aevum
His standards over Pontus, cast down as he is.
Destruit ingentes animos, et vita superstes
Thus length of time destroys the largest soul, and, life,
Imperio. Nisi summa dies cum fine bonorum
You glory over power. For unless the last day
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Adfuit, et celeri praevertit tristia leto,
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Ends all blessings, and a rapid death outstrip
Dedecori est fortuna prior. Quisquamne secundis
All sorrows, fortune is the prologue to dishonor.
Tradere se fatis audet, nisi morte parata?
Does any dare to hand himself to fate unless
Litora contigerat, per quae Peneius amnis
Prepared for death? He reached the shore where the Peneius,
Emathia iam clade rubens exibat in aequor.
Crimson with Emathian slaughter, empties to
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Inde ratis trepidum, ventis et fluctibus impar,
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The sea. From there a boat unequal to the wind
Flumineis vix tuta vadis, evexit in altum.
And waves, unsafe for rivers, bore him anxiously
Cuius adhuc remis quatitur Corcyra sinusque
Upon the deep. And he whose oars but now Corcyra
Leucadii, Cilicum dominus terraeque Liburnae,
Feared and the Leucadian bays, lord of Silesians
Exiguam vector pavidus correpsit in alnum.
And Liburna, crept, pale passenger, into
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Conscia curarum, secreta in litora Lesbi
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A tiny boat. Cornelia, partner to his cares,
Flectere vela iubes, qua tunc tellure latebas,
On Lesbos’ shores concealed, it’s you commands the sails
Moestior, in mediis quam si, Cornelia, campis
Toward that land you hide in, sadder there than if
Emathiae stares. Tristes praesagia curas
You stood amidst Emathian plains. Your premonitions
Exagitant: trepida quatitur formidine somnus:
Rouse grim cares, sleep shaken with a fearful dread,
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Thessaliam nox omnis habet: tenebrisque remotis
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And every night filled with Thessalia. Night shades passed,
Rupis in abruptae scopulos extremaque curris
You run on crags of battered rock, the verge of shorelines,
Litora, prospiciens fluctus: nutantia longe
Gazing on the flood that you might always be
Semper prima vides venientis vela carinae,
The first to see those sea tossed sails of his approaching
Quaerere nec quidquam de fato coniugis audes.
Ship. Nor did you dare to ask a thing about
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En ratis, ad vestros quae tendit carbasa portus,
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Your husband’s fate. Look now, a boat; its canvas
Quid ferat ignoras: et nunc tibi summa pavoris,
Heads toward your harbors. You know not what it
Nuntius armorum tristis, rumorque sinister.
Might bear. And now your worst of fears, sad messenger
Victus adest coniux. Quid perdis tempora luctus?
Of arms and evil news. Your conquered husband comes.
Cum possis iam flere, times. Tunc puppe propinqua
Why do you lose this time for grief? You fear when you might
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Prosiluit, crimenque deum crudele notavit,
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Weep. The ship leaps into sight, she sees the vicious
Deformem pallore ducem, vultusque prementem
Judgment of the gods − a general deformed
Canitie, atque atro squalentes pulvere vestes.
By pallor, face concealed in whitened hair, his clothes
Obvia nox miserae coelum lucemque tenebris
Made squalid with black dust. A miserable night
Abstulit, atque animam clausit dolor: omnia nervis
Came over her, withdrawing sky and light in shadows,
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Membra relicta labant: riguerunt corda, diuque
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Grief shut in her soul. Her limbs deprived of sinew
Spe mortis decepta iacet. Iam fune ligato
Stagger, heart numbs, long she lies deceived by hope
Litoribus, lustrat vacuas Pompeius arenas.
Of death. Now, line made fast to shore, across the empty
Quem postquam propius famulae videre fideles,
Sand comes Pompey. When her faithful servants saw him
Non ultra gemitus tacitos incessere fata
Near they let themselves assail the fates with only
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Permisere sibi, frustraque adtollere terra
65
Quiet groans and vainly tried to raise their mistress,
Semianimem conantur heram: quam pectore Magnus
Barely conscious, from the earth. But Magnus pressed
Ambit, et adstrictos refovet complexibus artus.
Her to his breast, with his embraces he re-warmed
Coeperat in summum revocato sanguine corpus
Her stricken limbs. The blood recalled to body’s organs
Pompeii sentire manus, moestamque mariti
She began to sense her Pompey’s hands, could bear
70
Posse pati faciem: prohibet succumbere fatis
70
Her husband’s mournful face. But Magnus would not have
Magnus, et immodicos castigat voce dolores:
Her yield to fortune, chiding her too great affliction:
Nobile cur robur Fortunae vulnere primo,
“Noble woman, set apart by titles of great
Femina, tantorum titulis insignis avorum,
Ancestors, at fortune’s first wound how should you
Frangis? Habes aditum mansurae in saecula famae.
Abandon bravery? You have admission to
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Laudis in hoc sexu, non legum iura, nec arma,
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A lasting ageless fame. The praise of your sex lies
Unica materia est coniunx miser. Erige mentem,
Not in an act of law or arms but in the single
Et tua cum fatis pietas decertet, et ipsum,
Fact of being wife to this unhappy man.
Quod sum vicus, ama. Nunc sum tibi gloria maior,
Raise up your mind and let your duty struggle with the
A me quod fasces, et quod pia turba senatus,
Fates, and love me for that I am conquered. Now am
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Tantaque discessit regum manus. Incipe Magnum
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I to you a greater glory, when the fasces
Sola sequi. Deformis, adhuc vivente marito,
And the senate and a throng of kings have all
Summus et augeri vetitus dolor. Ultima debet
Departed. Take up Magnus, yours alone to follow.
Esse fides, lugere virum. Tu nulla tulisti
Grief misshapen and extreme should be disdained,
Bello damna meo. Vivit post proelia Magnus,
Your partner living. Mourning for a husband is
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Sed Fortuna perit: quod defles, illud amasti
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The last deed of fidelity. You took no harm
Vocibus his correpta viri, vix aegra levavit
From wars I fought, and Magnus lives although his fortune
Membra solo, tales gemitu rumpente querelas:
Perishes. You mourn the very thing you loved.”
O utinam in thalamos invisi Caesaris issem
Thus chastised, from the earth she barely raised weak limbs
Infelix coniunx , et nulli laeta marito!
And spoke this grievance: “Would that I had married hated
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Bis nocui mundo: me pronuba ducit Erinnys
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Caesar as unlucky wife. To no mate ever
Crassorumque umbrae; devotaque manibus illis
Joyful, twice I harmed the world; Erinnys was my
Assyrios in castra tuli civilia casus,
Bridesmaid and the ghosts of Crassi. Faithful to these
Praecipitesque dedi populos, cunctosque fugavi
Shades I carried Parthian loss into the camps
A caussa meliore deos. O maxime coniunx,
Of civil war, gave route to nations, drove the gods
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O thalamis indigne meis, hoc iuris habebat
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To leave the better cause. O noble husband, you did
In tantum Fortuna caput! Cur impia nupsi,
Not deserve my bed; did fortune fail to safeguard
Si miserum factura fui? Nunc accipe poenas,
Such a man? Why did I wed to make you wretched?
Sed quas sponte luam. Quo sit tibi mollius aequor,
Lay the penalties that I would gladly pay.
Certa fides regum, totusque paratior orbis,
That it might make a kinder sea, the oaths of kings
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Sparge mari comitem. Mallem felicibus armis
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More certain, and more friendly all the earth, then hurl
Dependisse caput: nunc clades denique lustra,
Your partner here into the ocean. Rather had I
Magne, tuas. Ubicumque iaces, civilibus armis
Lent my life to the success of arms; now, Magnus,
Nostros ulta toros, ades huc atque exige poenas,
Expiate defeat at last. From where you lie,
Iulia crudelis, placataque pellice caesa,
Cruel Julia - civil war your vengeance on our marriage -
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Magno parce tuo. Sic fata, iterumque refusa
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Come, cut down this concubine and thus appeased
Coniugis in gremium, cunctorum lumina solvit
Show mercy to your Magnus.” So she spoke, and sinking
In lacrimas. Duri flectuntur pectora Magni,
Back into her husband’s arms she filled the eyes
Siccaque Thessalia confundit lumina Lesbos.
Of all with tears. The heart of iron Magnus stirred,
Tunc Mitylenaeum pleno iam litore vulgus
And eyes that Thessaly left dry now Lesbos flooded.
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Adfatur Magnum: Si maxima gloria nobis
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Mitylene’s inhabitants that filled the shore
Semper erit, tanti pignus servasse mariti,
Had words for Magnus: “Since our greatest glory shall
Tu quoque devotos sacro tibi foedere muros,
Forever be that we have served the pledge of such
Oramus, sociosque lares dignare vel una
A husband, now we pray that by this sacred pact
Nocte tua: fac, Magne, locum, quem cuncta revisant
You grace devoted walls and our gods, your allies,
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Saecula, quem veniens hospes Romanus adoret.
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Be it for a single night. Make this a place
Nulla tibi subeunda magis sunt moenia victo.
The ages visit, Magnus, that a Roman stranger
Omnia victoris possunt sperare favorem:
Coming would revere. No walls could beckon you
Haec iam crimen habet. Quid, quod iacet insula ponto,
More in defeat, most seek the favor of a victor.
Caesar eget ratibus? Procerum pars magna coibit,
We already bear a crime. What if we be
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Certa loci. Noto reparandum est litore bellum
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An island in the ocean; Caesar wants for ships.
Accipe templorum cultus, aurumque deorum:
Here many of your great ones will convene securely.
Accipe, si terris, si puppibus ista iuventus
On this noted shore the war can be renewed,
Aptior est: tota, quantum valet, utere Lesbo.
Take up our temples, gold from our gods, take up
Accipe: ne Caesar rapiat, tu victus habeto.
This youth if fit for land or ship; however much
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Hoc solum crimen meritae bene detrahe terrae,
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Is needed take from Lesbos. Take lest Caesar steal them;
Ne nostram videare fidem felixque secutus,
Vanquished take these things. Dispel at least this crime
Et damnasse miser. Tali pietate virorum
From us, a worthy land, that we would seem devoted
Laetus in adversis, et mundi nomine gaudens
To the fortunate and damn the miserable.”
Esse fidem, Nullum toto mihi, dixit, in orbe
In adversity glad of such human virtue,
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Gratius esse solum, non parvo pignore vobis
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For the world’s sake he rejoiced such faith existed.
Ostendi. Tenuit nostros hac obside Lesbos
"On the earth,” he said, “no soil is dearer. No small
Adfectus: hic sacra domus carique penates,
Trust was offered you. Remain beloved, our Lesbos,
Hic mihi Roma fuit. Non ulla in litora puppim
That you kept her. Here was sacred hearth and homestead.
Ante dedi fugiens, saevi cum Caesaris iram
Here was Rome to me. Nor, Lesbos, did I send
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Iam scirem meritam, servata coniuge, Lesbon,
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In flight my ship to other shores, although I knew
Non veritus tantam veniae committere vobis
That you already earned the wrath of Caesar, caring
Materiem. Sed iam satis est fecisse nocentes:
For my wife; I did not fear to give you such
Fata mihi totum mea sunt agitanda per orbem.
A means to pardon. Now, however, I have caused
Heu nimium felix aeterno nomine Lesbos,
Enough of harm. My fate is to be made in all
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Sive doces populos regesque admittere Magnum,
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The world. Ah, Lesbos, too much happy in eternal
Seu praestas mihi sola fidem. Nam quaerere certum est
Glory whether you teach kings and nations to take
Fas quibus in terris, ubi sit scelus. Accipe, numen,
Magnus in or if alone you keep allegiance.
Si quod adhuc mecum es, votorum extrema meorum:
It is certain I shall find where virtue is
Da similes Lesbo populos, qui Marte subactum
Throughout the world, and crime. Hear, god, if any yet is
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Non intrare suos, infesto Caesare, portus,
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With me, this my highest prayer: send nations like to
Non exire vetent. Dixit, moestamque carinae
Lesbos who will not bar entrance to their ports
Imposuit comitem. Cunctos mutare putares
Nor exit to a man defeated and beset
Tellurem patriumque solum: sic litore toto
By Caesar." So he spoke and placed his grieving wife
Plangitur: infestae tenduntur in aethera dextrae:
On board. Then you would think they all left their paternal
150
Pompeiumque minus, cuius Fortuna dolorem
150
Soil, such was the mourning on that shore, and frantic
Moverat, ast illam, quam toto tempore belli
Hands raised to the sky. The people groaned for Pompey
Ut civem videre suam, discedere cernens
Less than seeing her depart whose fortune moved
Ingemuit populus: quam vix, si castra mariti
Their sorrow, who through all that period of war
Victoris peteret, siccis dimittere matres
They saw as one of theirs. If she had sought her husband’s
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Iam poterant oculis: tanto devinxit amore
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Camps victorious, those matrons hardly could
Hos pudor, hos probitas, castique modestia vultus,
Have sent her without tears. She bound them with a great
Quod, submissa nimis, nulli gravis hospita turbae,
Affection − for her courage some, for some her goodness,
Stantis adhuc fati vixit, quasi coniuge victo.
Others for the modest honor in her features.
Iam pelago medios Titan demissus ad ignes,
Always humble, as a guest provoking none,
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Nec quibus abscondit, nec si quibus exerit orbem,
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She lived with them, though fate still smiled, as if her husband
Totus erat: vigiles Pompeii in pectore curae
Had been conquered.
Pompey Sets Sail
Nunc socias adeunt Romani foederis urbes,
Now had Titan lowered half
Et varias regum mentes, nunc invia mundi
His fire in the sea, not whole to those he shows
Arva super nimios soles Austrumque iacentes.
His orb nor those, if any be, from whom he hides it.
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Saepe labor moestus curarum odiumque futuri
165
Waking cares have come to Pompey’s breast: the cities
Proiecit fessos incerti pectoris aestus,
Bound to Rome by pact, inconstant minds of kings,
Rectoremque ratis de cunctis consulit astris:
The world’s harsh lands that lie south under too much sun.
Unde notet terras; quae sit mensura secandi
Sad burden of his care and fears about the future
Aequoris in coelo; Syriam quo sidere servet:
Often make him shed the tumult of a doubtful,
170
Aut quotus in plaustro Libyam bene dirigat ignis.
170
Weary breast and question his boat’s pilot on the
Doctus ad haec fatur taciti servator Olympi:
Mass of stars. From which of them is landfall known;
Signifero quaecumque fluunt labentia coelo,
How is the ocean measured by the sky; what star
Numquam stante polo, miseros fallentia nautas
Leads him to Syria, which fire in the Bear
Sidera non sequimur: sed qui non mergitur undis
To Libya. The learned watcher of a silent
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Axis inocciduus, gemina clarissimus Arcto,
Heaven speaks: “Whatever constellations in the
Ille regit puppes. Hic cum mihi semper in altum
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Signifying sky evade and glide and never
Surget et instabit summis minor Ursa ceruchis;
Stand, deceiving wretched sailors, we ignore;
Bosporon et Scythiae curvantem litora pontum
Those bright and twinned that stand north, never plunging to
Spectamus. Quidquid descendit ab arbore summa
The seas, these rules our ships. These always will arise
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Arctophylax, propiorque mari Cynosura feretur,
For me upon the deep when Ursa Minor stands
In Syriae portus tendit ratis. Inde Canopos
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Upon my upper halyards. Then we see the bending
Excipit, Australi coelo contenta vagari
Sea of Scythia and the Bosporous. Whenever
Stella, timens Borean: illa quoque perge sinistra,
From the mast Bootes falls and Cynosur
Trans Pharon, in medio tanget ratis aequore Syrtes.
Drops to the sea, that ship heads to the Syrian ports.
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Sed quo vela dari, quo nunc pede carbasa tendi
In southern heavens, Canopos comes next, a star
Nostra iubes? Dubio contra cui pectore Magnus,
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That fears the north and would prefer to wander. Hurry
Hoc solum toto, respondit, in aequore serva,
On past Pharos with that on your left mid ocean
Ut sit ab Emathiis semper tua longius oris
And your boat will touch the Syrtes. But where shall
Puppis, et Hesperiam pelago coeloque relinquas:
Our sails be set, how do you order canvas spread?”
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Cetera da ventis. Comitem pignusque recepi
With breast uncertain Magnus answered: “Only take
Depositum: tunc certus eram, quae litora vellem;
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Good care of this: that over all the ocean’s breadth
Nunc portum Fortuna dabit. Sic fatur: at ille
Emathia’s shore be ever farther from your ship.
Iusto vela modo pendentia cornibus aequis
Bestow Hesperia on sea and sky; the rest
Torsit, et in laevum puppim dedit, utque secaret,
On winds. I have regained my pledge, my partner left
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Quas Samiae cautes et quas Chios asperat, undas,
Behind. Then certain of my shore, now fortune will
Hos dedit in proram, tenet hos in puppe rudentes.
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Provide the port.” He spoke; the sailor, turning sails
Aequora senserunt motus, aliterque secante
That hung alike with equal ends, steered left to cut
Iam pelagus rostro, nec idem spectante carina,
The stormy waves of Samia, those Chios roils.
Mutavere sonum. Non sic moderator equorum,
He loosened forward rigging, tightened aft. The ocean
200
Dexteriore rota laevum cum circuit axem,
Sensed his movements and in different fashion now
Cogit inoffensae currus accedere metae.
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The sea was cut by prow, a hull on different tack
Ostendit terras Titan, et sidera texit.
Had changed its sound. So deftly never did a driver
Sparsus ab Emathia fugit quicumque procella,
Swing his chariot around with one wheel fixed
Adsequitur Magnum: primusque a litore Lesbi
And turning post untouched. Now Titan overspread
205
Occurrit natus, procerum mox turba fidelis.
The land and hid the stars. Whoever fled Emathia −
Nam neque deiecto fatis, acieque fugato
205
Tempest scattered − follows Magnus. First his son
Abstulerat Magno reges Fortuna ministros:
Arrives from Lesbos, soon a faithful band of nobles.
Terrarum dominos et sceptra Eoa tenentes
Fortune had not stripped from Magnus − though cast down
Exsul habet comites. Iubet ire in devia mundi
By fate, his armies beaten − kings that served him. Exiled,
210
Deiotarum, qui sparsa ducis vestigia legit.
But retaining rulers of the earth and eastern
Quando, ait, Emathiis amissus cladibus orbis
210
Scepters as his allies. Deiotarus, who had
Qua Romanus erat, superest, fidissime regum,
Tracked the general’s varied path, he sent to byways
Eoam tentare fidem, populosque bibentes
Of the world. He said: “Most loyal of monarchs, since
Euphraten, et adhuc securum a Caesare Tigrim.
Emathian defeat has lost the Roman world,
215
Ne pigeat Magno quaerentem fata remotas
It but remains to try the loyalty of the east,
Medorum penetrare domos, Sythicosque recessus,
215
Of those who drink from the Euphrates and the Tigris −
Et totum mutare diem, vocesque superbo
So far safe from Caesar. Nor, on Magnus’ quest,
Arsacidae perferre meas: Si foedera nobis
Be shy to enter distant houses of the Medes and
Prisca manent, mihi per Latium iurata Tonantem,
Scythian recesses, nor to change your clime
220
Per vestros obstricta magos, implete pharetras,
And bring my voice to the proud offspring of Arsaces.
Armeniosque arcus Geticis intendite nervis:
220
If our former pact remains as it was sworn
Si vos, o Parthi, peterem cum Caspia claustra,
By Latium’s great Thunderer and likewise bound
Et sequerer duros aeterni Martis Alanos,
By your magicians, fill your quivers, stretch Armenian
Passus Achaemeniis late discurrere campis,
Bows with Getic sinew. Parthians, when I sought you
225
In tutam trepidos numquam Babylona coegi.
In your Caspian enclaves, followed rough Alani
Arva super Cyri, Chaldaeique ultima regni
225
With their endless wars, I let you widely roam
Qua rapidus Ganges et qua Nysaeus Hydaspes
Through Persia’s plains and never forced you fearful
Accedunt pelago, Phoebi surgentis ab igne
To safe Babylon. Beyond the fields of Cyrus,
Iam propior, quam Persis, eram: tamen omnia vincens
Farthest of Chaldean realms, where rapid Ganges,
230
Sustinui nostris vos tantum deesse triumphis:
Where Hydaspes finds the sea in Nysa, I was
Solus et e numero regum telluris Eoae
230
Closer to the fire of rising Phoebus than is
Ex aequo me Parthus adit. Nec munere Magni
Persia. Yet in overcoming all I left you
Stant semel Arsacidae. Quis enim post vulnera cladis
Absent from my triumphs. From the number of all
Assyriae iustas Latii compescuit iras?
Kings in eastern lands you only may approach
235
Tot meritis obstricta meis, nunc Parthia ruptis
Me as an equal. Nor once only were the offspring
Excedat claustris vetitam per saecula ripam,
235
Of Arsaces in my debt. Who checked the Latins’
Zeugmaque Pellaeum. Pompeio vincite, Parthi;
Rage for justice after wounds of the Assyrian
Vinci Roma volet. Regem parere iubenti
Slaughter? Obligated by so many of my
Ardua non piguit, positisque insignibus aulae
Favors, now with burst restraint let you go past
240
Egreditur, famuli raptos indutus amictus.
The banks forbidden for so long and Alexander’s
In dubiis tutum est inopem simulare tyranno.
Zeugma. Parthians! Conquer now for Pompey, Rome
Quanto igitur mundi dominis securius aevum
240
Will wish itself defeated.” Difficulty did not
Verus pauper agit! Dimisso in litora rege,
Stop the king from rising to this order. Putting
Ipse per Icariae scopulos, Ephesumque relinquens,
By his palace robes he goes dressed as a menial.
245
Et placidi Colophona maris, spumantia parvae
Kings, in doubtful matters, pass more safe as poor men.
Radit saxa Sami: spirat de litore Coo
How much more secure indeed a paupers's than a
Aura fluens: Gnidon inde fugit, claramque relinquit
245
Noble's time on earth. The king ashore, now Pompey
Sole Rhodon, magnosque sinus Telmessidos undae
Passed Icarian cliffs and Colophon of pleasant
Compensat medio pelagi. Pamphylia puppi
Seas, grazed spuming rocks of little Samos − in his
250
Occurrit tellus: nec se committere muris
Wake lay Ephesus − and flowing breezes wafted
Ausus adhuc ullis, te primum, parva Phaseli,
From the shores of Cos. They sailed past Cnidos then
Magnus adit. Nam te metui vetat incola rarus.
250
And, famous for the sun god, Rhodes. By keeping to
Exhaustaeque domus populis; maiorque carinae,
The ocean waves he circuits Telemessus’ bays.
Quam tua, turba fuit. Tendens hinc carbasa rursus
Pamphylia’s land appears, but, not yet daring entrance
255
Iam Taurum, Tauroque videt Dipsunta cadentem.
To walled cities, he seeks you, small Phaseli.
Crederet hoc Magnus, pacem cum praestitit undis
Your want of population calms concern, your empty
Et sibi consultum. Cilicum per litora tutus
255
Houses; larger crowds on board than in your streets.
Parva puppe fugit: sequitur pars magna senatus
Backtracking now, his canvas heads for Taurus; there
Ad profugum collecta ducem: parvisque Celendris,
He sees cascading Dipsus. How could Magnus then
260
Qua portu mittitque rates recipitque Selinus,
Have known the peace that he forced on these waves would now
In Procerum coetu tandem moesta ora resolvit
Give comfort: past the pirate shores but safe his little
Vocibus his Magnus: Comites bellique fugaeque,
260
Ship in flight. Most of the senate gathered round
Atque instar patriae, quamvis in litore nudo,
The general as he fled.
Pompey Addresses His Followers
In Cilicum terra, nullis circumdatus armis
At little Celendrae,
265
Consultem, rebusque novis exordia quaeram,
From which Selinus sends ships and receives them, Magnus
Ingentes praestate animos: non omnis in arvis
Sad in visage spoke at last, to an array
Emathiis cecidi, nec sic mea fata premuntur,
Of great ones lent his voice with this: “In war and flight
Ut nequeam relevare caput, cladesque receptas
265
My comrades, you the image of our fatherland:
Excutere. An Libyae Marium potuere ruinae
Although on naked shore and on Silesian land
270
Erigere in fasces, plenis et reddere fastis:
Without an army gathered near, I would consult.
Me pressum leviore manu Fortuna tenebit?
And I would seek a new beginning. Raise your highest
Mille meae Graio volvuntur in aequore puppes,
Spirits; in Emathian fields I did not perish
Mille duces: sparsit potius Pharsalia nostras,
270
Utterly, nor fate so crushed me that I cannot
Quam subvertit, opes. Sed me vel sola tueri
Lift my head again, shake off defeats received.
275
Fama potest rerum, toto quas gessimus orbe,
If Libya’s ruins could raise Marius to power
Et nomen, quod mundus amat. Vos pendite regna
And return him to the consul’s lists, will fortune
Viribus atque fide, Libyen, Parthosque, Pharonque,
With more careless hand hold me, now pressed? A thousand
Quaenam Romanis deceat succurrere rebus.
275
Of my ships toss on the Grecian sea, a thousand
Ast ego curarum, proceres, arcana mearum
Captains. Our forces has Pharsalia rather
280
Expromam, mentisque meae quo pondera vergant.
Scattered than destroyed. My still unequaled fame
Aetas Niliaci nobis suspecta tyranni est:
Endures, my deeds performed through all the earth, a name
Ardua quippe fides robustos exigit annos.
The world adores. Weigh then the realms of Libya,
Hinc anceps dubii terret sollertia Mauri:
280
The Parthians and Egypt, which of these should succor
Namque memor generis Carthaginis impia proles
Rome. But, nobles, I confess my secret cares,
285
Imminet Hesperiae, multusque in pectore vano est
Where lie the burdens of my mind. The age of Nile’s
Hannibal; obliquo maculat qui sanguine regnum,
King worries me; for surely proper faith demands
Et Numidas contingit avos, iam supplice Varo
Ripe years. The two faced, cunning Moor is also of
Intumuit, viditque loco Romana secundo.
285
Concern. This shifty offspring of the race of Carthage
Quare agite, Eoum, comites, properemus in orbem.
Threatens Italy, and in his fickle breast
290
Dividit Euphrates ingentem gurgite mundum,
Is much of Hannibal. He stains his rule with foreign
Caspiaque immensos seducunt claustra recessus,
Bloodline, he pollutes Numidean ancestors;
Et polus Assyrias alter noctesque diesque
And now, so proud that Varus begged, he looks on Rome as
Vertit, et abruptum est nostro mare discolor unda,
290
Second rate. Then, comrades, how shall we not hasten
Oceanusque suus. Regnandi sola voluntas.
To the eastern world. Euphrates with its stream
295
Celsior in campis sonipes, et fortior arcus;
Divides a huge part of the earth, and Caspian forts
Nec puer aut senior letales tendere nervos
Guard an immense terrain. Upon another sky rolls
Segnis, et a nulla mors est incerta sagitta.
The Assyrian days and nights. Its strangely colored
Primi Pellaeas arcu fregere sarissas,
295
Sea, cut off from ours, is ocean of its own.
Bactraque Medorum sedem, murisque superbam
To rule is all their wish. Steeds nobler on the plain,
300
Assyrias Babylona domos. Nec pila timentur
Bows stronger. Neither lad nor man bears idle bowstring,
Nostra nimis Parthis, audentque in bella venire,
From no arrow is a death in doubt. With bows
Experti Scythicas, Crasso pereunte, sagittas.
They crushed the Macedonian pikes, the Persian seat
Spicula nec solo spargunt fidentia ferro;
300
Of Bactria, and Babylon’s proud walls, Assyria’s
Stridula sed multo saturantur tela veneno.
Homeland. Neither do the Parthians much fear
305
Vulnera parva nocent, fatumque in sanguine summo est.
Our javelins but dare to send us war; they proved
O utinam non tanta mihi fiducia saeviis
Their Scythian arrows in the overthrow of Crassus.
Esset in Arsacidis! Fatis nimis aemula nostris
Barbs dispatched rely not only on their iron,
Fata movent Medos, multumque in gente deorum est
305
For they soak with poison the descending shafts.
Effundam populos alia tellure revulsos,
Small wounds are dire, death lies in the blood from scratches.
310
Excitosque suis immittam sedibus ortus.
Would I had no need for this Arsaces’ ruthless
Quodsi nos Eoa fides et barbara fallunt
Offspring! Parthian fate runs too much like our own,
Foedera, vulgati supra commercia mundi
And there is much of heaven’s care surrounding them.
Naufragium Fortuna ferat. Non regna precabor,
310
Yet I will pour out other nations, take from other
Quae feci; sed magna feram solatia mortis
Soils; the east will I commit, aroused from native
315
Orbe iacens alio, nihil haec in membra cruente,
Places. If these eastern loyalties and barbarian
Nil socerum fecisse pie. Sed cuncta revolvens
Pacts betray us then let fortune bear my wreckage
Vitae fata meae, semper venerabilis illa
Past the commerce of this daily world. For I
Orbis parte fui: quantus Maeotida supra!
315
Will never supplicate the kingdoms I have made.
Quantus apud Tanaim toto conspectus in ortu!
But lying in some foreign sphere I will take on
320
Quas magis in terras nostrum felicibus actis
Mortality’s great solace, and my father in law
Nomen abit, aut unde redit maiore triumpho?
Able to do nothing to my limbs − not violence,
Roma, fave coeptis: quid enim tibi laetius umquam
Not respect. Revolving all the fated things
Praestiterint superi, quam, si civilia Partho
320
My life held, always in that part of earth was I
Milite bella geras, tantam consumere gentem,
Revered: how great beyond Maeotis and Tanais!
325
Et nostris miscere malis? Cum Caesaris arma
How great in the east! Into which lands did our
Concurrent Medis, aut me Fortuna necesse est
Name go with more glorious deeds, return with greater
Vindicet, aut Crassos.
Triumph? Rome, approve this venture. What more joyful
Sic fatus, murmure sentit
325
Can the gods bestow than that you fight your war
Consilium damnasse viros: quos Lentulus omnes
With Parthian soldiers, to deplete their nation, mix
Virtutis stimulis et nobilitate dolendi
Our ills with theirs? When Caesar’s arms and Parthian
330
Praecessit, dignasque tulit modo consule voces:
Collide, then fortune must avenge me or the Crassi.”
Pompey is Over-ruled
Siccine Thessaliae mentem fregere ruinae?
He spoke, and sensed in murmurs that the men had not
Una dies mundi damnavit fata? secundum
330
Approved his counsel. Lentulus, who for the spur
Emathiam lis tanta datur? iacet omne cruenti
Of virtue and nobility in grief exceeded
Vulneris auxilium? solos tibi, Magne, reliquit
All, and lately consul, raised his voice first: “Have these
335
Parthorum Fortuna pedes? Quid transfuga mundi
Thessalian losses broken thus your spirit?
Terrarum totos tractus coelumque perosus,
Does one day damn all the world? So great a cause end
Adversosque polos alienaque sidera quaeris,
335
In Emathia? Does help lie dead with this
Chaldaeos culture deos, et barbara sacra,
One bloody wound? Has fortune left you, Magnus,
Parthorum famulus? Quid caussa obtendtur armis
Only this: to kneel at Parthian feet? What, would
340
Libertatis amor? Miserum quid decipis orbem,
You wander through the world to find out every part
Si servire potes? Te, quem Romana regentem
Of all its lands and, hating every sky, seek poles
Horruit auditu, quem captos ducere reges
340
Opposing and their alien stars, the worship of
Vidit ab Hyrcanis, Indoque a litore, silvis,
Chaldaeon gods with their barbaric rites − and all
Deiectum fatis, humilem, fractumque videbit,
To be a servant to the Parthians? Why style
345
Extolletque animos Latium vesanus in orbem,
Our cause the love of liberty? And why do you
Se simul, et Romam, Pompeio supplice, mensus?
Deceive the earth if you would serve? He trembled hearing
Nil animis fatisque tuis effabere dignum:
345
That you ruled the Romans, seeing that you led
Exiget ignorans Latiae commercia linguae,
Kings captive from Hyrcania and the shores and woods
Ut lacrimis se, Magne roges. Patimurne pudoris
Of Indus. Shall he view you now dejected, broken;
350
Hoc vulnus, clades ut Parthia vindicet ante
Shall he aim his raving thoughts at Latium
Hesperias, quam Roma suas? Civilibus armis
And, Pompei begging, think himself Rome’s equal? There is
Elegit te nempe ducem. Quid vulnera nostra
350
Nothing you can tell him worthy of your spirit;
In Scythicos spargis populos, cladesque latentes?
He, unlettered in our Latin tongue, will make
Quid Parthos transire doces? Solatia tanti
You, Magnus, ask with tears. Shall we abide this wound
355
Perdit Roma mali, nullos admittere reges
Of shame, that Parthia avenge Hesperian slaughter
Sed civi servire suo. Iuvat ire per orbem
And not Rome? She certainly chose you her leader
Ducentem saevas Romana in moenia gentes,
355
In this civil war. Why bring the news of our
Signaque ab Euphrate cum Crassis capta sequentem?
Wounds amongst the Scythians, a ruin hidden;
Qui solus regum, fato celante favorem
Why teach Parthians to go beyond their borders?
360
Defuit Emathiae, nunc tantas ille lacesset
Rome would lose the only solace for her ills,
Auditi victoris opes, aut iungere fata
That, slave to her own citizen, she shunned at least
Tecum, Magne, volet? Non haec fiducia genti est.
360
A foreign king. How could you circle earth then lead
Omnis in Arctois populus quicumque pruinis
Such savage tribes to our Roman walls with standards
Nascitur, indomitus bellis, et mortis amator.
From Euphrates, those that with the Crassi fell?
365
Quidquid ad Boos tractus mundique teporem
He only of the kings, while fate still hid its choice,
Labitur, emollit gentes dementia coeli.
Was absent from Emathia. And will he now
Illic et laxas vestes, et fluxa virorum
365
Raise mighty forces, knowing which the victor? Magnus,
Velamenta vides. Parthus per Medica rura,
Will he wish to join his fate with you? This folk
Sarmaticos inter campos, effusaque plano
Have no such faith. Each nation born in arctic frost
370
Tigridis arva solo, nulli superabilis hosti est
Is fierce in warfare and death’s suitor. Slide but to
Libertate fugae: sed non, ubi terra tumebit,
The east, the tepid portion of the world, and folly
Aspera conscendet montis iuga; nec per opacas
370
From the heavens makes the people soft. Loose clothes
Bella geret tenebras incerto debilis arcu,
And flowing garments you see there. The Parthian
Nec franget nando violenti vorticis amnem,
On his Medean lands or Saramatic plains,
375
Nec tota in pugna perfusus sanguine membra
On Tigris’ fields spread always flat, cannot be conquered
Exiget aestivum calido sub pulvere solem.
Since he has the space to flee. But when the land
Non aries illis, non ulla est machina belli:
375
Ascends, he will not climb a mountain’s rugged cliffs.
Haud fossas implere valent: Parthoque sequente
No warfare will he wage in shade, disabled by
Murus erit, quodcumque potest obstare sagittae.
Uncertain bow. Nor cleave a river swimming in the
380
Pugna levis, bellumque fugax, turmaeque vagante,
Roiling currents. Nor in battle, bloodied over
Et melior cessisse loco, quam pellere, miles.
All his limbs, endure the summer sun beneath
Illita tela dolis, nec Martem cominus umquam
380
Hot dust. They have no ram nor the machines of war.
Ausa pati virtus, sed longe tendere nervos,
They use no trenches. Any who withstand their arrows
Et, quo ferre velint, permittere vulnera ventis.
Are a wall to the pursuing Parthian.
385
Ensis habet vires, et gens quaecumque virorum est,
Their fight is skirmish, flight their war, formations loose,
Bella gerit gladiis; nam Medos proelia prima
And soldiers faster to retreat than to attack.
Exarmant, vacuaeque iubent remeare pharetrae.
385
They drench their weapons in deceit, they have no stomach
Nulla manus illis fiducia, tota veneni est.
To fight hand to hand but pull their bow strings from
Credis, Magne, viros, quos in discrimina belli
Afar and let the winds cause injuries at will.
390
Cum ferro venisse parum est? Tentare pudendum
The blade needs strength, and every race of men extant
Auxilium tanti est, toto divisus ut orbe
Makes war with swords, but fight disarms the Medes; their empty
A terra moriare tua? tibi barbara tellus
390
Quivers bid them flee. With them no hand fights fairly,
Incumbat? te parva tegant ac vilia busta,
All is poison. Magnus, do you think a soldier
Invidiosa tamen, Crasso quaerente sepulchrum?
In the crisis of a battle, armed with steel
395
Sed tua sors levior, quoniam mors ultima poena est,
The same as these? And is this shameful aid so great
Nec metuenda viris. At non Cornelia letum
That you would die divided by the world from your
Infando sub rege timet. Num barbara nobis
395
Own land and that a barbarous soil should weigh on you?
Est ignota Venus, quas ritu caeca ferarum
Tomb small and vile would cover you – perhaps that to be
Polluit innumeris leges et foedera tedae
Envied, Crassus wanting burial. That death
400
Coniugibus? thalamique patent secreta nefandi.
Is easier; the final stroke, is not a fear
Inter mille nurus epulis vesana meroque
For men. But death by vicious king’s command is never
Regia non ullos exceptos legibus horret
400
Your Cornelia’s fear. Barbarian lust is surely
Concubitus: tot femineis complexibus unum
Known to us, that in their blind and bestial rite
Non lassat nox una marem. Iacuere sorores
Pollutes the law and marriage vows with wives uncounted,
405
In fratrum thalamis, sacrataque pignora matrum.
Secrets of their vile beds known. With feasts and wine
Damnat apud gentes sceleris non sponte peracti
Among a thousand wives, mad royalty copulates
Oedipodionias infelix fabula Thebas:
405
All undisturbed by any stop of law. One night
Parthorum dominus quoties sic sanguine mixto
Does not fatigue one man with feminine embraces
Nascitur Arsacides! Cui fas implere parentem,
In such number. Sisters lie in brothers’ beds,
410
Quid rear esse nefas? Proles tam clara Metelli
The sacred bond of mothers too. That mournful tale
Stabit barbarico coniux millesima lecto:
Damns Theban Oedipus among all people but
Quamquam non ulli plus regia, Magne, vacabit
410
For crimes he did unknowing. Yet how many Parthian
Saevitia stimulante Venus, titulisque virorum.
Lords are born thus from Arsaces’ mongrel blood?
Nam quo plura iuvent Parthum portenta, fuisse
And him who has a right to impregnate his parent,
415
Hanc sciet et Crassi: ceu pridem debita fatis
What should I consider is forbidden him?
Assyriis, trahitur cladis captiva vetustae.
A daughter of the great Metelli as the thousandth
Haereat Eoae vulnus miserabile sortis;
415
Wife of a barbaric couch? However, Magnus,
Non solum auxilium funesto a rege petisse,
None more royal; his lust with savage goading will
Sed gessisse prius bellum civile pudebit.
Prefer her husbands’ titles. He will know she was
420
Nam quod apud populos crimen socerique tuumque
The wife of Crassus, all the more to aid his pleasure.
Maius erit, quam quod, vobis miscentibus arma,
As if part of the Assyrian debt to fate,
Crassorum vindicta perit? Incurrere cuncti
420
In chains she would be dragged, a captive of that ancient
Debuerant in Bactra duces, et ne qua vacarent
Loss. If yet that deadly eastern carnage rankles
Arma, vel Arctoum Dacis Rhenique catervis
You will blush not only seeking aid of this
425
Imperii nudare latus, dum perfida Susa
Most dismal king but that you first waged civil war.
In tumulos prolapsa virum, Babylonque iacerent.
For what crime in the world is worse than yours and Caesar's
Assyriae paci finem, Fortuna, precamur:
425
Who with mixed arms forfeit Crassus’ vengeance. Both
Et, si Thessaliae bellum civile peractum est,
Should be on the attack in Bactria. Although
Ad Partho, qui vicit, eat. Gens unica mundi est,
The empire’s northern flank may be exposed, withdraw
430
De qua Caesareis possim gaudere triumphis.
The force from Dacia and the Rhine until, vile Susa
Non tibi, cum primum gelidum transibis Araxen,
Fallen on the graves of our heros, we lay
Umbra senis moesti Scythicis confixa sagittis
430
Waste to Babylon. We pray to fortune this
Ingeret has voces? Tu, quem post funera nostra
Assyrian peace will end. And if Thessalia be
Ultorem cinerum nudae speravimus umbrae,
In fact an end to civil war, to Parthia let
435
Ad foedus pacemque venis? Tunc plurima cladis
The victor go; I could rejoice in Caesar’s triumph
Occurrent monimenta tibi: quae moenia trunci
Only there. And as you ford Araxis will not
Lustrarunt cervice duces, ubi nomina tanta
435
Some shade, old and sad and pierced with Scythian darts,
Obruit Euphrates, et nostra cadavera Tigris
Address you: “We unburied shades thought you avenger
Detulit in terras, ac reddidit. Ire per ista
Of our ashes; are you here for peace and pact?”
440
Si potes, in media socerum quoque, Magne, sedentem
Then will so many sights of ruin rush upon you:
Thessalia placare potes. Quin respicis orbem
Walls beheaded generals saw, Euphrates where
Romanum? Si regna times proiecta sub Austro,
440
So many names lie buried, Tigris which threw our
Infidumque Iubam, petimus Pharon arvaque Lagi.
Corpses onto land and then reclaimed them. Magnus,
Syrtibus hinc Libycis tuta est Aegyptus: at inde
If you can accept all this, can you not soothe
445
Gurgite septeno rapidus mare submovet amnis:
Your father in law, biding in Thessalia? Why not
Terra suis contenta bonis, non indiga mercis
Look upon the Roman world? And if the southern
Aut Iovis: in solo tanta est fiducia Nilo.
445
King mislike you, faithless Juba, let us seek out
Sceptra puer Ptolemaeus habet, tibi debita, Magne,
Pharos and the fields of Lagus, Egypt. Safe
Tutelae commissa tuae. Quis nominis umbram
With Syrtes' shoals here; there the river roils the sea
450
Horreat? Innocua est aetas: nec iura fidemque
With seven floods. Lands joyful in their bounty, needing
Respectumque deum veteris speraveris aulae.
Neither wares nor heaven’s rain, so great its faith
Nil pudet adsuetos sceptris: mitissima sors est
450
In Nile alone. There Ptolemy the boy owes you
Regnorum sub rege novo. Non plura locutus
His scepter, Magnus, given to your care. Who fears
Impulit huc animos. Quantum spes ultima rerum
This shadow of a name An innocent in years.
455
Libertatis habet! Victa est sententia Magni.
Expect no law or faith, respect for gods from an
Tunc Cilicum liquere solum, Cyproque citatas
Established ruler. Nothing shames him used to rule.
Immisere rates, nullas cui praetulit aras
455
The mildest kingdom is one ruled by a new king.”
Undae diva memor Paphiae, si numina nasci
No more said, he compelled opinion. How much license
Credimus, aut quemquam fas est coepisse deorum.
Desperation has! All Magnus’ reasons conquered.
Pompey Is Murdered in Egypt
460
Haec ubi deseruit Pompeius litora, totos
Then they quit Silesia’s soil, directing eager
Emensus Cypri scopulos, quibus exit in Austrum,
Ships to Cyprus where in memory of Papha
Inde maris vasti transverso vertitur aestu:
460
Venus has preferred their altars to all others −
Nec tenuit gratum nocturno lumine montem,
If we think gods born at all or have beginning.
Infimaque Aegypti pugnaci litora velo
When Pompey left these shores behind and passed
465
Vix tetigit, qua dividui pars maxima Nili
The Cyprian rocks extended to the south, a current
In vada decurrit Pelusia septimus amnis.
In the vast sea swept him sideways so he could not
Tempus erat, quo Libra pares examinat horas,
465
Steer toward that cheerful tower with its nightly
Non uno plus aequa die, noctique rependit
Fire; barely with embattled sail he touched
Lux minor hibernae verni solatia damni.
The lower shores of Egypt where the largest, seventh
470
Comperit ut regem Casio se monte tenere,
Part of the divided Nile attains Pellusia’s
Flectit iter: nec Phoebus adhuc, nec carbasa languent.
Shoals. It was that time when Libra weighs the hours
Iam rapido speculator eques per litora cursu
470
Evenly, for but one day; then light grows less,
Hospitis adventu pavidam compleverat aulam.
Repaying winter nights as solace for their loss
Consilii vix tempus erat: tamen omnia monstra
In spring. Now learning that the king stayed at mount Casius,
475
Pellaeae colere domus: quos inter Achoreus,
He changed course − not Phoebus or his sails yet sunk.
Iam placidus senio, fractisque modestior annis,
Patrols on horse along the shore with rapid stride
(Hunc genuit, custos Nili crescentis in arva,
475
Apprised a fearful court of strangers coming. Hardly
Memphis vana sacris; illo cultore deorum
Did the counselors have time, but all the creatures
Lustra suae Phoebes non unus vixerat Apis)
Of the Alexandrian household, Achoreus
480
Consilii vox prima fuit; meritumque, fidemque,
Being one, assembled − he with age now placid,
Sacraque defuncti iactavit pignora patris.
Gentler with enfeeblement of years. In Memphis
Sed, melior suadere malis, et nosse tyrannos,
480
Born, where Nile's ascent upon the fields is measured,
Ausus Pompeium leto damnasse Pothinus:
Filled with vain rites, he outlived more than one bull god
Ius et fas multos faciunt, Ptolemaee, nocentes.
In that doctrine sacred to the moon. He voiced
485
Dat poenas laudata fides, cum sustinet, inquit,
First counsel, laying out the merit, faith and sacred
Quos Fortuna premit. Fatis accede deisque,
Debt of the dead father, owed to Pompey. But
Et cole felices; miseros fuge. Sidera terra
485
Pothinus, sooner to urge malice and to know
Ut distant, ut flamma mari, sic utile recto.
Kings’ hearts, dared damn that man to death: “Both right and law
Sceptrorum vis tota perit, si pendere iusta
Have done much harm, O Ptolemy,” he said. “Faith,
490
Incipit: evertitque arces respectus honesti.
Laudable perhaps, has consequences aiding
Libertas scelerum est, quae regna invisa tuetur,
Those whom fortune fails. Those fortune and the gods bless
Sublatusque modus gladiis. Facere omnia saeve
490
Cultivate and know; fly from the wretched. Even
Non impune licet, nisi cum facis. Exeat aula,
As the stars from earth or flames from sea are sundered,
Qui vult esse pius. Virtus et summa potestas
So the needful from the just are wrenched apart.
495
Non coeunt: semper metuet, quem saeva pudebunt.
All sceptered power dies when it begins to value
Non impune tuos Magnus contemserit annos;
Right. Respect for honor wrecks foundations. Hated
Qui te nec victos arcere a litore nostro
495
Realms stay safe in their free use of crime, in swords
Posse putat. Neu te sceptris privaverit hospes,
Unchecked. All cruelty is forgiven if you only
Pignora sunt propiora tibi: Nilonque Pharonque,
Dare to act it. Let those saintly leave the palace,
500
Si regnare piget, damnatae redde sorori.
Virtue and great power never co-exist, and
Aegyptum certe Latiis tueamur ab armis.
He will always fear whose cruelty shames him.
Quidquid non fuerit Magni, dum bella geruntur,
500
Magnus should not be indulged to slight your youth
Nec victoris erit. Toto iam pulsus ab orbe,
Or think you loath to keep those vanquished from our shore,
Postquam nulla manet rerum fiducia, quaerit,
Or stop a stranger who might steal your scepter. There are
505
Cum qua gente cadat: rapitur civilibus umbris.
Nearer claimants if you tire to rule the Nile
Nec soceri tantum arma fugit: fugit ora senatus,
And Pharos. Give them to your banished sister. Let us
Cuius Thessalicas saturat pars magna volucres:
505
Safeguard Egypt from these arms in all events.
Et metuit gentes, quas uno in sanguine mixtas
Whatever Magnus did not own while waging war
Deseruit: regesque timet, quorum omnia mersit:
His victor cannot take from him. Chased from the world,
510
Thessaliaeque reus, nulla tellure receptus,
No faith in things remaining, he seeks people he
Sollicitat nostrum, quem nondum prodidit, orbem.
Can fall with. Scourged by ghosts of his compatriots,
Iustior in Magnum nobis, Ptolemaee, querelae
510
He flees not only Caesar’s arms, he flees the senate’s
Caussa data est. Quid sepositam semperque quietam
Face - of whom most feed the Thessalian birds -
Crimine bellorum maculas Pharon, arvaque nostra
And dreads those he deserted, blended in one carnage.
515
Victori suspecta facis? cur sola cadenti
Kings he fears, all lost. And guilty of Thessalia,
Haec placuit tellus, in quam Pharsalica fata
Welcomed by no land, he asks for ours, a world
Conferres, poenasque tuas? Iam crimen habemus,
515
Not yet betrayed. Yet, Ptolemy, a stronger case is
Purgandum gladio, quod nobis sceptra senatus
Given us against him: Magnus, why do you
Te suadente dedit. Votis tua fovimus arma.
Stain Pharos, quiet and remote, with crimes of war
520
Hoc ferrum, quod fata iubent proferre, paravi
And make our fields suspected of the victor? Why
Non tibi, sed victo. Feriam tua viscera, Magne:
Does only this land please you, dying, here to bring
Malueram soceri: rapimur, quo cuncta feruntur.
520
A Pharsalian fate with your chastisement? We
Tene mihi dubitas an sit violare necesse,
Own crimes already that the sword might purge: with your voice
Cum liceat? Quae te nostri fiducia regni
Rule came from the senate. Our prayers spurred on
525
Huc agit, infelix? Populum non cernis inermem,
Your arms. The Steel fate makes us raise now I prepared
Arvaque vix refluo fodientem mollia Nilo?
For him , subdued. Not, Magnus, you. But I will pierce
Metiri sua regna decet viresque fateri.
525
Your heart, still wishing that it were your kin. Where all
Tu, Ptolemaee, potes Magni fulcire ruinam,
Things lead we too are borne. While yet I can, do you
Sub qua Roma iacet? bustum cineresque movere
Dispute the need to do you violence? What hope in our
530
Thessalicos audes, bellumque in regna vocare?
Realm conducts you here, unhappy man? Do you
Ante aciem Emathiam nullis accessimus armis:
Not see an unarmed people, just now digging softened
Pompeii nunc castra placent, quae deserit orbis?
530
Fields, the Nile retreating? Now. See. Ptolemy:
Nunc, victoris opes et cognita fata lacessis?
It’s well to take account and recognize your strengths.
Adversis non deesse decet, sed laeta secutos.
Can you reverse the fall of Magnus under which Rome
535
Nulla fides umquam miseros elegit amicos.
Lies? And dare you stir the pyres of Thessalian
Adsensere omnes sceleri. Laetatur honore
Ashes, summon war into your realm? We brought
Rex puer insueto, quod iam sibi tanta licere
535
No arms to the Emathian ranks, shall we now placate
Permittant famuli. Sceleri delectus Achillas.
Pompey’s camps that all the world deserts? Will you
Perfida qua tellus Casiis excurrit arenis,
Provoke the force and settled fortune of a victor?
540
Et vada testantur iunctas Aegyptia Syrtes,
Is it shameful to desert misfortune? Only
Exiguam sociis monstri gladiisque carinam
If prosperity was shared. No loyalty ever
Instruit. O superi, Nilusne et barbara Memphis,
540
Chooses wretched friends.” They all agreed upon
Et Pelusiaci tam mollis turba Canopi
This crime, the boy king pleased his servants had allowed
Hos animos? Sic fata premunt civilia mundum?
Him to involve himself − rare honor − with such things.
545
Sic Romana iacent? Ullusne in cladibus istis
Achillas chosen for the crime. Where a deceitful
Est locus Aegypto, Phariusque admittitur ensis?
Land extends to Casius’ sands and the Egyptian
Hanc certe servate fidem, civilia bella:
545
Shoals attest to nearby sandbanks he prepares
Cognatas praestate manus, externaque monstra
A little boat with men and swords for crime. Has Nile,
Pellite, si meruit tam claro nomine Magnus
O gods, has savage Memphis such a spirit, has
550
Caesaris esse nefas. Tanti; Ptolemaee, ruinam
Degenerate Pelusian Canopus ? Does civil
Nominis haud metuis coeloque tonante, profanas
War so harm the world, Rome lie so low? What place
Inseruisse manus, impure ac semivir, audes?
550
Should Egypt have in all this havoc? Or their swords?
Non domitor mundi, nec ter Capitolia curru
Preserve at least this faith, you civil wars, provide
Invectus, regumque potens, vindexque senatus,
Us native hands, send off all foreign devils. Magnus,
555
Victorisque gener; Phario satis esse tyranno
If his mighty name earned Caesar’s crime, do you
Quod poterat, Romanus erat. Quid viscera nostra
Not, Ptolemy, at all blanch at the ruin of
Scrutaris gladio? Nescis, puer improbe, nescis,
555
This name? Corrupt and but a boy, you dare insert
Quo tua sit fortuna loco: iam iure sine ullo
Your profane hands while still the heavens thunder? Never
Nili sceptra tenes: cecidit civilibus armis,
Mind he ruled the world, or three times brought a triumph
560
Qui tibi regna dedit. Iam vento vela negarat
To the capitol, or potent over kings
Magnus, et auxilio remorum infanda petebat
Was savior of the senate and the victor’s kin.
Litora: quem contra non longa vecta biremi
560
To an Egyptian tyrant this should be enough:
Adpulerat scelerata manus: Magnoque patere
He was a Roman. Can you search our bosom with a
Fingens regna Phari, celsae de puppe carinae
Sword? You do not even know, you wicked child,
565
In parvam iubet ire ratem, litusque malignum
You do not know where lies your interest; now you grasp
Incusat, bimaremque vadis frangentibus aestum,
Nile’s scepter with no right. He fell in civil war
Qui vetet externas terris advertere classes.
565
Who made you king. Now Magnus barred wind from his sails,
Quodnisi fatorum leges intentaque iussu
Sought those foul shores by oar; an evil hand rowed out
Ordinis aeterni miserae vicinia mortis
To him not far away and, feigning welcome to
570
Damnatum leto traherent ad litora Magnum,
The Pharian realm, invited him from his high deck
Non ulli comitum sceleris praesagia deerant:
Onto the smaller boat because the adverse tides and
Quippe, fides si pura foret, si regia Magno
570
Crosswise currents kept all foreign boats from land.
Sceptrorum auctori vera pietate pateret,
Except fate’s law, commanded by eternal order,
Venturum tota Pharium cum classe tyrannum.
And the pressing nearness of a wretched death
575
Sed cedit fatis, classemque relinquere iussus
Drew Magnus, doomed to ruin, still toward the shore,
Obsequitur, letumque iuvat praeferre timori.
Not any of his men would have mistaken signs
Ibat in hostilem praeceps Cornelia puppim,
575
Of mischief. Clearly, had there been real faith, if he
Hoc magis impatiens egresso deesse marito,
Who held the scepter was to yield his realm to Magnus,
Quod metuit clades. Remane, temeraria coniunx,
Egypt’s king with all the navy would have come.
580
Et tu, nate, precor, longeque e litore casus
But he cedes all to fate, agrees to leave his ships,
Exspectate meos: et in hac cervice tyranni
Prefers to favor death before betraying fear.
Exp lorate fidem, dixit. Sed dura vetanti
580
Cornelia made to cross onto the hostile deck,
Tendebat geminas amens Cornelia palmas:
And all unwilling to let go her husband as she
Quo sine me, crudelis, abis? Iterumne relinquor,
Feared disaster. “Stay, brave wife, and you, my child,
585
Thessalicis submota malis? Numquam omine laeto
I pray,” he said. “Watch from the distant shore what shall
Distrahimur miseri. Poteras non flectere puppim,
Befall. With this neck try the tyrant’s faith.” But she,
Cum fugeres, alio, latebrisque relinquere Lesbi,
585
Refusing staunchly, frantic spread both hands, “Where will you
Omnibus a terris si nos arcere parabas.
Cruelly go without me? Yet again am I
An tantum in fluctus placeo comes? Haec ubi frustra
Removed from Thessalian harm? We miserable
590
Effudit, prima pendet tamen anxia puppe:
Can never part with happy omen. Could you not
Attonitoque metu nec quoquam avertere visus,
Have turned your ship in flight elsewhere and left me hiding
Nec Magnum spectare potest. Stetit anxia classis
590
Still in Lesbos if you were to keep me from
Ad ducis eventum, metuens non arma nefasque,
All land. Or am I fit companion only on
Sed ne submissis precibus Pompeius adoret
The sea?” Such things in vain poured forth, she hung upon
595
Sceptra sua donata manu. Transire parantem
The deck in fear and with astonished dread could not
Romanus Pharia miles de puppe salutat
Avert her gaze nor fix it still on Magnus. Now the
Septimius: qui (pro superum pudor!) arma satelles
595
Ship stood anxious on the general’s fate, not fearing
Regia gestabat posito deformia pilo:
Arms or evil but lest Pompey with a low
Immanis, violentus, atrox, nullaque ferarum
Entreaty would revere a scepter he had given.
600
Mitior in caedes. Quis non, Fortuna, putasset
As he crossed, from Pharian deck Septimius,
Parcere te populis, quod bello haec dextra vacasset,
A Roman soldier, hailed him. He - O gods, for shame -
Thessaliaque procul tam noxia tela fugasses?
600
A tyrant's minion bearing those ignoble arms,
Disponis gladios, ne quo non fiat in orbe,
Rome’s javelin laid by. Immense and violent, savage,
Heu, facinus civile tibi. Victoribus ipsis
No more tame than any beast in killing. Who would
605
Dedecus, et numquam superum caritura pudore
Not suppose that you, fate, would save all men from
Fabula; Romanus regi sic paruit ensis,
This hand that had no part in civil war, whose noxious
Pellaeusque puer gladio tibi colla recidit,
605
Spears you spared Thessalia. But, alas, you scatter
Magne, tuo. Qua posteritas in saecula mittet
Arms so that no place at all be unprepared
Septimium fama? scelus hoc quo nomine dicent,
To work your evil. Victors are dishonored, and
610
Qui Bruti dixere nefas? Iam venerat horae
This tale will ever cast shame on the gods, for here
Terminus extremae, Phariamque ablatus in alnum
A Roman blade obeyed a king. O Magnus, with a
Perdiderat iam iura sui. Tunc stringere ferrum
610
Sword of yours this Macedonian boy cut through
Regia monstra parant. Ut vidit cominus enses,
Your neck. What infamy will our descendants give
Involvit vultus, atque, indignatus apertum
Septimius through all the ages, what name use
615
Fortunae praestare caput, tunc lumina pressit,
For this offense by those who would call Brutus vicious?
Continuitque animam, ne quas effundere voces
Now had come the end and extreme hour; borne
Posset, et aeternam fletu corrumpere famam.
615
Away in Pharian craft, he lost direction of
At postquam mucrone latus funestus Achillas
Himself. The royal monsters then unsheathed their iron.
Perfodit, nullo gemitu consensit ad ictum,
Seeing blades around him he, disdaining to
620
Despexitque nefas, servatque immobile corpus,
Give fortune an uncovered face, enfolded all his
Seque probat moriens, atque haec in pectore volvit:
Features, closed his eyes, then stopped his breath that he
Saecula Romanos numquam tacitura labores
620
Might make no sound and with a cry corrupt eternal
Attendunt, aevumque sequens speculatur ab omni
Fame. And when Achillas, deadly, forced the point
Orbe ratem, Phariamque fidem. Nunc consule famae.
Into his side, he bore the thrust with not a groan,
625
Fata tibi longae fluxerunt prospera vitae:
Despised the crime but held his body still, and dying
Ignorant populi, si non in morte probaris,
He reflected, these things turning in his heart:
An scieris adversa pati. Ne cede pudori,
625
“The ages never to be silent see Rome's trial,
Auctoremque dole fati. Quacumque feriris,
For all the world will watch this boat, these Roman deeds,
Crede manum soceri. Spargant lacerentque licebit,
And this Egyptian faith. So now consider fame.
630
Sum tamen, o superi, felix, nullique potestas
For you all lucky fortunes of long life poured forth;
Hoc auferre deo. Mutantur prospera vitae:
The people will not know, unless in death you prove,
Non fit morte miser. Videt hanc Cornelia caedem,
630
That you can suffer ills. Don’t yield to shame, nor grieve
Pompeiusque meus. Tanto patientius, oro,
The author of your fate; however slain, believe
Claude, dolor, gemitus: natus coniuxque, peremptum
It is your kinsman’s hand. They well may tear and scatter
635
Si mirantur, amant. Talis custodia Magno
Me but I, O gods, still fortunate and no
Mentis erat: ius hoc animi morientis habebat.
Celestial power can take that away. My fortune
At non tam patiens Cornelia cernere saevum
635
Changed but not made miserable by death. Cornelia
Quam perferre nefas, miserandis aethera complet
Sees the fall of this my Pompey. Thus much soften
Vocibus: o coniunx, ego te scelerata peremi:
Grief and moan, I pray, that son and wife admire
640
Letiferae tibi caussa morae fuit avia Lesbos,
My end and truly love me in it.” Such the strength
Et prior in Nili pervenit litora Caesar.
Of mind, such force within a dying soul. But able
Nam cui ius alii sceleris? Sed, quisquis in istud
640
Not so well to bear as watch the savagery,
A superis immisse caput, vel Caesaris irae
Cornelia filled the air with wretchedness: “O husband,
Vel tibi prospiciens, nescis, crudelis, ubi ipsa
It is I who wickedly betrayed you, drew you
645
Viscera sint Magni: properas, atque ingeris ictus,
Off to Lesbos, caused delay, and to Nile’s banks
Qua votum est victo. Poenas non morte minores
Came Caesar first. None else could claim such infamy.
Pendat, et ante meum videat caput. Haud ego culpa
645
Whoever you are, guided by the gods against
Libera bellorum, quae matrum sola per undas
This head and whether for your wrath or Caesar’s − cruel
Et per castra comes, nullis absterrita fatis,
Man but ignorant where Magnus’ heart is; you have
650
Victum, quod reges etiam timuere, recepi.
Rushed to strike a blow the conquered chose. No less
Hoc merui, coniux, in tuta puppe relinqui?
Than death be his reward, but let him see my head fall
Perfide, parcebas? te fata extrema petente,
650
First. I am not free of guilt for these wars; I,
Vita digna fui? Moriar, nec munere regis.
The only matron, went a comrade through the seas and
Aut mihi praecipitem, nautae, permittite saltum,
Camps. Unfazed by destiny I took him up
655
Aut laqueum collo tortosque aptare rudentes:
When conquered while kings feared to. Have I earned this, husband,
Aut aliquis Magno dignus comes exigat ensem.
To be left on deck and safe? Will you, unfaithful,
Pompeio praestare potest, quod Caesaris armis
655
Spare me? When you sought a final hour did I
Imputet. O saevi, properantem in fata tenetis
Merit only life? I will die. And not thanks
Vivis adhuc, coniux, et iam Cornelia non est
To any king. Allow me, sailors, a swift leap
660
Iuris, Magne, sui. Prohibent accersere mortem:
Into the sea, or fix a twisted rope around
Servor victori. Sic fata, interque suorum
My neck, or let some comrade worthy of his Magnus
Lapsa manus, rapitur, trepida fugiente carina.
660
Bare the sword and act for Pompey what to Caesar
At Magni cum terga sonent et pectora ferro,
Should be charged. Cruel men, you keep me living who would
Permansisse decus sacrae venerabile formae,
Rush on death; you live yet, husband, but Cornelia
665
Iratamque deis faciem, nil ultima mortis
Cannot rule herself. My death prevented, Magnus,
Ex habitu vultuque viri mutasse, fatentur
They preserve me for the conqueror.” She spoke and
Qui lacerum videre caput. Nam saevus in ipso
665
Fell in friends’ embrace, then borne away upon
Septimius sceleris maius scelus invenit actu:
A fleeing, fearful ship. On Magnus, though his back
Ac retegit sacros, scisso velamine, vultus
And chest resounded from the sword, remained as yet
670
Semianimis Magni, spirantiaque occupat ora,
A noble, venerable, sacred form, his features
Collaque in obliquo ponit languentia transtro.
Angry at the gods; there was no change in habit
Tunc nervos venasque secat, nodosaque frangit
670
Or in face by nearing death − so granted those
Ossa diu: nondum artis erat, caput ense rotare.
Who saw that head thus mangled. But Septimius
At postquam trunco cervix abscisa recessit,
Invented, cruel, a baser crime. He took the cloth
675
Vindicat hoc Pharius dextra gestare satelles.
From half dead Magnus’ sacred face; the fabric torn,
Degener atque operae, miles Romane, secundae,
He placed that neck crosswise upon the rowers’ seat
Pompeii diro sacrum caput ense recidis,
675
And cut the veins and sinews; slowly broke its stubborn
Ut non ipse feras? Pro summi fata pudoris!
Bone − the art of swift beheading not yet known.
Impius ut Magnum nosset puer, illa verenda
With neck and trunk divided, Pharaoh’s agent claimed
680
Regibus hirta coma, et generosa fronte decora
The head. Degraded Roman soldier, do you play
Caesaries comprensa manu est, Pharioque veruto,
The lesser part, that you cut off a sacred head but
Dum vivunt vultus, atque os in murmura pulsant
680
Not yourself convey it? Height of shameful fate
Singultus animae, dum lumina nuda rigescunt,
That Magnus should be known to this indecent boy
Suffixum caput est, quo numquam bella iubente
By his long, ample hair, admired of kings. That those
685
Pax fuit: hoc leges, Campumque, et rostra movebat:
His locks, his noble brow should be laid hands on while the
Hac facie Fortuna tibi Romana placebas.
Features live and murmurs strive in gasps of spirit,
Nec satis infando fuit hoc vidisse tyranno:
685
As his staring, hardening eyes grow fixed. That
Vult sceleri superesse fidem. Tunc arte nefanda
Stuck upon a Pharian spear the head of him
Submota est capiti tabes: raptoque cerebro
Who when he spoke for war there was no peace, who moved
690
Exsiccata cutis, putrisque effluxit ab alto
The law, elections, and the senate; countenance
Humor, et infuso facies solidata veneno est.
So pleasing to you, Roman fortune. Not enough
Ultima Lageae stirpis, perituraque proles,
690
This vicious king should see it; he wants proof of his
Degener, incestae sceptris cessure sororis,
Iniquity to last. The head is drained by evil
Cum tibi sacrato Macedon servetur in antro,
Art and, brain removed, the skin dried; rotting fluid
695
Et regum cineres exstructo monte quiescant,
Pours from deep within, the face solidifies,
Cum Ptolemaeorum manes seriemque pudendam
Infused with poison. O, you last Lageaean, soon to
Pyramides claudant, indignaque Mausolea:
695
Perish, seed degenerate who yields his scepter
Litora Pompeium feriunt, truncusque vadosis
To an impure sister: while you guard in sacred
Huc illuc iactatur aquis? Adeone molesta
Cave the Macedonian, and while the dust
700
Totum cura fuit socero servare cadaver?
Of kings rests under heaped up masses, Ptolomies
Hac Fortuna fide Magni tam prospera fata
With all their shameful line lie closed in pyramids
Pertulit: hac illum summo de culmine rerum
700
And tombs unworthy, is the beach to harbor Pompey?
Morte petit, cladesque omnes exegit in uno
Are the breaking waves to throw him here and there?
Saeva die, quibus immunes tot praestitit annos:
Was it so troublesome that you should keep the corpse
705
Pompeiusque fuit, qui numquam mixta videret
Entire for his father in law? With such faith
Laeta malis: felix nullo turbante deorum,
Did fortune end the prosperous fate of Magnus, from that
Et nullo parcente miser. Semel impulit illum
705
Height of things reduce to death, and in one savage
Dilata Fortuna manu. Pulsatur arenis,
Day bring all the carnage which for many years
Carpitur in scopulis, hausto per vulnera fluctu
She spared him. Pompey was a man who never saw
710
Ludibrium pelagi: nullaque manente figura,
Joys mixed with evils, happy that no god disturbed
Una nota est Magno capitis factura revulsi.
Him; nor need any spare him misery. Once fortune
Ante tamen Pharias victor quam tangat arenas,
710
Lead him on with her extended hand. Now stricken
Pompeio raptim tumulum Fortuna paravit,
By the sands, tossed in among the cliffs, wounds filled
Ne iaceat nullo, vel ne meliore sepulchro.
And emptied by the flood, a plaything of the sea,
715
E latebris pavidus decurrit ad aequora Cordus.
No shape remaining, Magnus recognizable
Quaestor ab Idalio Cinyraeae litore Cypri
By absence of a head.
Pompey’s Burial
Infaustus Magni fuerat comes. Ille per umbras
But Fortune suddenly,
Ausus ferre gradum, victum pietate timorem
715
Before the victor touched Egyptian sand, prepared
Compulit, ut mediis quaesitum corpus in undis
A grave lest he might lie in none or better tomb.
720
Duceret ad terram, traheretque ad litora Magnum.
From his concealment, frightened, Cordus ran down to
Lucis moesta parum per densas Cynthia nubes
The water. Quaestor from the Idalian shore
Praebebat; cano sed discolor aequore truncus
Of Cyprus that Cinyras ruled, he had been Magnus’
Conspicitur. Tenet ille ducem complexibus arctis,
720
Ill-starred comrade. Through the shadows he dared pick
Eripiente mari: nunc victus pondere tanto
His way with virtue conquering fear so that the body
725
Exspectat fluctus, pelagoque iuvante cadaver
Sought for midst the waves he might draw in to land,
Impellit. Postquam sicco iam litore sedit,
Conducting Magnus to the shore. A sad moon shed
Incubuit Magno, lacrimasque effudit in omne
But little light through thickened clouds, still he perceived,
Vulnus, et ad superos obscuraque sidera fatur:
725
The trunk, discolored in a sea of white. He holds
Non pretiosa petit cumulato ture sepulchra
His general in a tight embrace against the straining
730
Pompeius, Fortuna, tuus; non pinguis ad astra
Tide. Now overcome with such a load he waits
Ut ferat e membris Eoos fumus odores,
For ocean waves to help propel the corpse. And when
Ut Romana suum gestent pia colla parentem,
He rests upon the dry shore, leaning over Magnus,
Praeferat ut veteres feralis pompa triumphos,
730
Pours his tears in every wound and to the gods
Ut resonent cantu tristi fora, totus ut ignem
And to the darkened stars he speaks: “Your Pompey, fortune,
735
Proiectis moerens exercitus ambiat armis.
Asks no costly sepulcher piled high with incense,
Da vilem Magno plebeii funeris arcam,
Rich clouds bearing Asian odors from his limbs
Quae lacerum corpus siccos effundat in ignes.
Up to the stars, or pious Romans to bear this
Robora non desint misero, nec sordidus ustor.
735
Their parent on their necks, or funeral parading
Sit satis, o superi, quod non Cornelia fuso
All his ancient triumphs in the fore, or that
740
Crine iacet, subicique facem complexa maritum
With dirge the forum sound, or troops with lowered arms
Imperat, extremo sed abest a munere busti
Surround the fire, mourning. Give to Magnus only
Infelix coniux, nec adhuc a litore longe est.
A plebian funeral, the frugal box
Sic fatus, parvos iuvenis procul adspicit ignes,
740
That yields his mangled corpse to unembellished flames.
Corpus, vile suis, nullo custode cremantes.
Let but the wretch have wood, some low born lad to light
745
Inde rapit flammas, semiustaque robora membris
The flame. And, gods, be satisfied that with her hair
Subducens, Quaecumque es, ait, neglecta, nec ulli
Distressed Cornelia cannot lie beside her husband
Cara tuo, sed Pompeio felicior umbra,
And command the torch thrown underneath, that she
Quod iam compositum violat manus hospita bustum,
745
A wife ill starred, stands far from pyre, and yet not
Da veniam; si quid sensus post fata relictum est,
So far from shore.” Thus spoke the youth and spied a feeble
750
Cedis et ipsa rogo, paterisque haec damna sepulchri,
Distant, unattended fire that consumed
Teque pudet sparsis Pompeii manibus, uri.
A corpse unvalued by its friends. From there he took
Sic fatur, plenusque sinus ardente favilla
Flame, wood half whole beneath the limbs. “Whoever you may
Pervolat ad truncum; qui fluctu paene relatus
750
Be,” he said, “O, disregarded shade unloved
Litore pendebat. Summas dimovit arenas,
By any and yet happier than Pompey’s, give me
755
Et collecta procul lacerae fragmenta carinae
Pardon that this stranger’s hand profanes your pyre.
Exig ua trepidus posuit scrobe. Nobile corpus
If any sense can linger after death, I ask
Robora nulla premunt, nulla strue membra recumbunt:
You yield and suffer these assaults on funeral,
Admotus Magnum, non subditus, accipit ignis.
755
Be loathe to burn while Pompey’s shade lies flung aside.”
Ille sedens iuxta flammas: O maxime, dixit,
He spoke, and, arms filled with the burning embers, rushed
760
Ductor, et Hesperii maiestas nominis una,
Toward the trunk which clung yet to the shore but almost
Si tibi iactatu pelagi, si funere nullo
Taken by the flood. He moved some sand aside
Tristior iste rogus; manes animamque potentem
And foraged broken fragments of a ship to fill
Officiis averte meis: iniuria fati
760
The furrow, trembling the while. No wood pressed on
Hoc fas esse iubet; ne ponti belua quidquam,
The noble corpse, limbs rested on no pile, and spread
765
Ne fera, ne volucres, ne saevi Caesaris ira
Upon him, none beneath, the fire took up Magnus.
Audeat: exiguam, quantum potes, accipe flammam,
Sitting by the flames he said: “O great commander
Romana succense manu. Fortuna recursus
And sole majesty of the Hesperian name,
Si det in Hesperiam, non hac in sede quiescent
765
If more forlorn in such a funeral than having
Tam sacri cineres, sed te Cornelia, Magne,
None, still tossed upon the sea, then turn away
770
Accipiet, nostraque manu transfundet in urnam.
Your shade, that mighty soul, from this my final service.
Interea parvo signemus litora saxo,
Fate’s injustice makes it righteous. Lest the beasts
Ut nota sit busti; si quis placare peremptum
The birds, lest rage of savage Caesar would make bold,
Forte volet, plenos et reddere mortis honores;
770
Accept the meager flame lit by a Roman hand.
Inveniat trunci cineres, et norit arenas,
If fortune should allow return to Italy
775
Ad quas, Magne, tuum referat caput. Haec ubi fatus,
These sacred ashes will not rest here, but Cornelia,
Excitat invalidas admoto fomite flammas.
Magnus, will accept them, they inurned by my
Carpitur, et lentum Magnus destillat in ignem,
Own hand. For now, with this small stone let me confirm
Tabe fovens bustum.
775
Where your grave lies. If someone wishes to relieve
Sed iam percusserat astra
You, thus destroyed, and pay full honor to the dead,
Aurorae praemissa dies: ille, ordine rupto
He may find here your body's ashes, know the sands
780
Funeris, adtonitus latebras in litore quaerit.
Where, Magnus, he is to return your head.” When he
Quam metuis, demens, isto pro crimine poenam,
Had spoke he rouses feeble flames with added kindling.
Quo te fama loquax omnes accepit in annos?
780
Magnus is consumed and drops into the slender
Condita laudabit Magni socer impius ossa:
Flame, his dissolution feeds the pyre.
Pompey’s Tomb
I modo securus veniae, fassusque sepulchrum
But now
785
Posce caput. Cogit pietas imponere finem
The day, sent forth, had stricken morning stars and he,
Officio. Semiusta rapit resolutaque nondum
Alarmed, broke off the rite of funeral and sought
Ossa satis, nervis et inustis plena medullis
His hiding place along the shore. What punishment,
Aequorea restinguit aqua, congestaque in unum
785
You foolish man, alarms you for this crime in which
Parva clausit humo. Tunc, ne levis aura retectos
Loquacious fame has carried you through all the ages?
790
Auferret cineres, saxo compressit arenam:
Even his impious kin must praise the burial
Nautaque ne bustum religato fune moveret,
Of these bones. Go now, your pardon sure, reveal
Inscripsit sacrum semiusto stipite nomen:
The grave and beg the head. His piety now thinks
HIC SITUS EST MAGNUS. Placet hoc, Fortuna, sepulchrum
790
To finish duty. He took up the half burned bones
Dicere Pompeii, quo condi maluit illum,
Yet charred, with sinew and the marrow unconsumed,
795
Quam terra caruisse socer? Temeraria dextra,
And he extinguished them with water from the sea.
Cur obicis Magno tumulum, manesque vagantes
Collected close together now he closes them
Includis? Situs est, qua terra extrema refuso
With earth. And, lest the breeze uncover and remove
Pendet in Oceano. Romanum nomen et omne
795
The ashes, with a stone he tamps the sand. And lest
Imperium Magno est tumuli modus. Obrue saxa,
A sailor’s line disturb the grave he wrote the sacred name
800
Crimine plena deum. Si tota est Herculis Oete,
With blackened ember: HERE IS MAGNUS. Did it,
Et iuga tota vacant Bromio Nyseia, quare
Fortune, please you make this Pompey’s grave which still
Unus in Aegypto Magno lapis? Omnia Lagi
His kinsman would prefer to lacking one? Rash hand, why
Arva tenere potest, si nullo cespite nomen
800
Do you offer Magnus any tomb to close
Haeserit. Erremus populi, cinerumque tuorum,
His wandering spirit? He is where the farthest land
805
Magne, metu nullas Nili calcemus arenas.
Hangs over an encircling ocean. All the power
Quodsi tam sacro dignaris nomine saxum,
And the name of Rome is measure of a tomb
Adde actus tantos, monimentaque maxima rerum:
For Magnus. Throw away those stones so full of heaven’s
Adde truces Lepidi motus, Alpinaque bella,
805
Crime. If all of Oeta is for Hercules,
Armaque Sertori, revocato consule, victa,
And all Nysean peaks are Bromius’, how comes it
810
Et currus, quos egit eques: commercia tuta
Magnus has one lonely stone in Egypt? He might
Gentibus, et pavidos Cilicas maris. Adde subactam
Have all Lagus’ holdings had no point inscribed
Barbariem, gentesque vagas, et quidquid in Euro
His name. Then would we, nations, never stray upon
Regnorum Boreaque iacet. Dic semper ab armis
810
Nile’s sand for fear we trample, Magnus, on your ashes.
Civilem repetisse togam: ter curribus actis
If with name so sacred you would dignify
815
Contentum patriae multos donasse triumphos.
A stone, add his so many deeds, memorials
Quis capit haec tumulus? Surgit miserabile bustum
Of greatness. Lepidus’ fierce rising add, and Alpine
Non ullis plenum titulis, non ordine tanto
Wars, Sertorian arms crushed − though a consul was
Fastorum: solitumque legi super alta deorum
815
Recalled − and the triumphal chariot he drove
Culmina, et exstructos spoliis hostilibus arcus,
While still a knight. Safe commerce for all nations add
820
Haud procul est ima Pompeii nomen arena,
And the Silesians who now fear the sea. Add too
Depressum tumulo, quod non legat advena rectus,
Barbarians and nomads conquered and whatever
Quod, nisi monstratum, Romanus transeat hospes.
Kingdoms lie beneath winds north or east. And say
Noxia civili tellus Aegyptia fato,
820
How after war he took again the civil toga;
Haud equidem immerito Cumanae carmine vatis
Three times with a speeding chariot he gave
825
Cautum, ne Nili Pelusia tangeret ora
His country triumphs. How shall any mound hold all
Hesperius miles, ripasque aestate tumentes.
These things? It is a miserable tomb that rises
Quid tibi saeva precer pro tanto crimine tellus?
With no titles and no dates in calendar
Vertat aquas Nilus, quo nascitur orbe, retentus,
825
So full. A visitor accustomed to read up
Et steriles egeant hibernis imbribus agri,
Above the gods’ high roofs or arches hung with spoils
830
Totaque in Aethiopum putres solvaris arenas.
Will find the name of Pompey hardly far from sandy
Nos in templa tuam Romana accepimus Isin,
Depths, sunk in a tomb he could not read while standing,
Semicanesque deos, et sistra iubentia luctus,
Which a Roman stranger would pass by not shown.
Et quem tu plangens hominem testaris Osirin:
830
The land of Egypt doomed to harms it merited
Tu nostros, Aegypte, tenes in pulvere Manes.
And warned by Cuman vatis that no Roman soldier
835
Tu quoque, cum saevo dederis iam templa tyranno,
Ever should touch Nile’s Pelusian mouth while summer
Nondum Pompeii cineres, o Roma, petisti:
Waters swell. You savage land, what is my prayer
Exsul adhuc iacet umbra ducis. Si saecula prima
For such a crime? Let Nile turn back its waters to the
Victoris timuere minas: nunc excipe saltem
835
Source, and sterile fields lack winter rain; so let them
Ossa tui Magni, si nondum subruta fluctu
Crumble into worthless Ethiopian dust.
840
Invisa tellure sedent. Quis busta timebit?
We took your Isis into Roman temples, gods
Quis sacris dignam movisse verebitur umbram?
Half dog, the sistra causing grief, Osiris by whose
Imperet hoc nobis utinam scelus, et velit uti
Weeping you consider human. Egypt, you hold
Nostro Roma sinu: satis o nimiumque beatus,
840
Our spirit in your dust, and, Rome, you gave a
Si mihi contingat manes transferre revulsos
Vicious tyrant shrines but have not yet demanded
845
Ausoniam, si tale ducis violare sepulchrum.
Pompey’s ashes - exiled still our general’s shade.
Forsitan, aut sulco sterili cum poscere finem
If at first they feared the victor’s threats, at least
A superis, aut Roma volet feralibus Austris,
Now lift your Magnus’ bones, if waves have left them there
Ignibus aut nimiis, aut terrae tecta moventi,
845
In hated soil. Who fears removal? Who will stand
Consilio iussuque deum transibis in urbem,
Back cowed to move this shade deserving rites? Let Rome
850
Magne, tuam, summusque feret tua busta sacerdos.
Impose on me such crime and bid me use my bosom.
Nunc quis ad exustam Cancro torrente Syenen
Enough, O too much blessed, if it were given me
Ibit, et imbrifera siccas sub Pleiade Thebas,
To bring into Ausonia the shade torn from us,
Spectator Nili: quis rubri stagna profundi,
850
Violate this tomb of our general. It may
Aut Arabum portus mercis mutator Eoae,
Come when we pray for an end to sterile fields,
855
Magne, petet, quem non tumuli venerabile saxum,
When deadly south winds whirl in Rome, or heat too great,
Et cinis in summis forsan turbatus arenis
Or earthquakes, that by counsel and by order of the
Advertet, manesque tuos placare iuvabit,
Gods you come back then into your city, Magnus,
Et Casio praeferre Iovi? Nil ista nocebunt
855
And the high priest bears your urn. Now, who will go
Famae busta tuae. Templis auroque sepultus
To heat oppressed Syene ruled by the Crab and, dry
860
Vilior umbra fores: nunc est pro numine summo,
Beneath a rainy Pleiade, Thebes, Nile’s watcher? Who
Hoc tumulo Fortuna iacens. Augustius aris
Will travel to the Red Sea, Magnus, or the Arab
Victoris Libyco pulsatur in aequore saxum.
Ports, the heart of eastern markets, that would not
Tarpeiis qui saepe deis sua tura negarunt,
860
Turn to your gravesite, to the venerable stone,
Inclusum Tusco venerantur cespite fulmen.
The ashes, now perhaps dispersed among the sands,
865
Proderit hoc olim, quod non mansura sepulcri
And joy in comforting your shade, preferring this
Ardua marmoreo surrexit pondere moles.
To Casian Jove? This grave will nothing harm your fame.
Pulveris exigui sparget non longa vetustas
Less worthy if your shade were sepulchered in temples
Congeriem, bustumque cadet, mortisque peribunt
865
And with gold. Here Fortune lies, divinity
Argumenta tuae. Veniet felicior aetas,
Supreme. More glorious than the victor’s altar is that
870
Qua sit nulla fides saxum monstrantibus istud:
Rock assaulted by the Libyan waves. Those often
Atque erit Aegyptus populis fortasse nepotum
Stinting the Tarpeian gods of incense, worship
Tam mendax Magni tumulo, quam Creta Tonantis.
Still the lightening strike on Tuscan ground.
870
Some day it will seem virtuous that never any
Hard and weighty marble rose to be your tomb.
A humble pile of dust is soon dispersed, a mound
Soon falls, and perishes all token of your death.
A better age will come when those who show this rock
875
Are not believed, and then will Egypt to the nations
Of our progeny seem liars about Magnus’
Tomb, as Cretans lie about the Thunderer.